Diu (Cantonese) 𨳒

 Diu (Chinese: 屌, Hong Kong cangjie: 𨳒 [門+小], jyutping: diu²) is a common profanity in Cantonese. It can be regarded as the Cantonese equivalent of the English fuck.

The written form 𨳒 of diu commonly seen in Hong Kong.

In classic Chinese

Diu is a word in the Cantonese language. It appears frequently in the text of the classic novel Water Margin, and is written as 鳥 (meaning "bird", pronounced niǎo in Mandarin and niu5 in Cantonese when used in this usual sense). It is used as an emphatic adjective with a function similar to the English "fucking", "bloody" or "god damned". For example,

武松指著蔣門神，說道：「休言你這廝鳥蠢漢！景陽岡上那隻大蟲，也只三拳兩腳，我兀自打死了！量你這個直得甚麼！快交割還他！但遲了些個，再是一頓，便一發結果了你廝！」Water Margin, Chp. 29

[English: Wu Song pointed at Jiang Menshen and said, "Don't call you a fool! I killed the big insect on Jingyang Hill with just three punches and two kicks! What do you think you are worth? Hand it back to him! But if you delay a little longer, I will kill you with one blow!"]

Diu means primarily the penis. It is written as 屌 when used in this sense, but usually as 鳥 when used as an emphatic adjective. For example,

木寸、馬户、尸巾，你道我是個「村驢屌」？Romance of the Western Chamber (西廂記), Act 5, Scene 3 (第五本第三折)

[ English: Mu Cun, Ma Hu, Shi Jin, you think I'm a "village donkey"?]

屌 has its female equivalent 屄 (pronounced bī in Mandarin and hai¹ in Cantonese) in the traditional Chinese written language. In the Yuan Dynasty operas, the word, meaning penis, is sometimes written as 頹. For example,

我見了些覓前程俏女娘，見了些鐵心腸男子漢，便一生里孤眠，我也直甚頹！Jiu Fengchen (救風塵), Act 1 (第一折)

[English: I met some pretty girls who were looking for a future, and some iron-hearted men, and then I ended up sleeping alone all my life. I was really miserable!]

In Hong Kong and Macau

The written form 𨳒 [門+小] is mainly seen in Hong Kong, although the younger generation use 屌 for example on graffiti. In Cantonese, it is used as a transitive verb meaning to copulate. In a manner similar to the English word fuck, it is also used to express dismay, disgrace, disapproval and so on. For example, someone may shout "diu nei!" ("fuck you!" or "fuck off!") at somebody when he or she finds that other person annoying.

"Diu Nei Lo Mo!" (屌你老母 or 𨳒你老母, "fuck your mother")[¹] is a highly offensive profanity in Cantonese when directed against a specific person instead of used as a general exclamation. In contrast to the English phrase "fuck your mother", which indicates that the person being attacked commits sexual acts with his own mother, the Cantonese expression has the implied meaning of "I fuck your mother".

The form 𨳒 is absent in the Big-5 character set on computers. The Government of Hong Kong has extended Unicode and the Big-5 character set with the Hong Kong Supplementary Character Set (HKSCS), which includes Chinese characters only used in Cantonese, including the Five Great Profanities. The government explained that the reason for these characters being included is to allow for the Hong Kong Police to record criminal suspects' statements. Consequently, these characters are now also in Unicode.

In Hong Kong Cantonese, yiu (妖), tiu (挑), siu (小), chiu (超), biu (表), and hiu (曉) are all minced oaths for diu, as they all rhyme with "iu".

Fuck is an English-language profanity which often refers to the act of sexual intercourse, but is also commonly used as an intensifier or to convey disdain. While its origin is obscure, it is usually considered to be first attested to around 1475.[1] In modern usage, the term fuck and its derivatives (such as fucker and fucking) are used as a noun, a verb, an adjective, an interjection or an adverb. There are many common phrases that employ the word as well as compounds that incorporate it, such as motherfucker and fuck off.

A protester holding a cardboard sign that reads "FUCK YOUR WAR"

A protester's sign using the word fuck on Tax March Day, April 15, 2017 in Washington, D.C. U.S.

Offensiveness

It is unclear whether the word has always been considered a pejorative or, if not, when it first came to be used to describe (often in an extremely angry, hostile, or belligerent manner) unpleasant circumstances or people in an intentionally offensive way, such as in the term motherfucker, one of its more common usages in some parts of the English-speaking world. Some English-speaking countries censor it on television and radio. Andrea Millwood Hargrave's 2000 study of the attitudes of the British public found that fuck was considered the third-most-severe profanity, and its derivative motherfucker second. Cunt was considered the most severe.[2]

Nevertheless, the word has increasingly become less of a pejorative and more publicly acceptable, an example of the "dysphemism treadmill" or semantic drift known as melioration, wherein former pejoratives become inoffensive and commonplace.[3][4] Because of its increasing usage in the public forum, in 2005 the word was included for the first time as one of three vulgarities in The Canadian Press's Canadian Press Caps and Spelling guide. Journalists were advised to refrain from censoring the word but use it sparingly and only when its inclusion was essential to the story.[5] According to linguist Pamela Hobbs, "notwithstanding its increasing public use, enduring cultural models that inform our beliefs about the nature of sexuality and sexual acts preserve its status as a vile utterance that continues to inspire moral outrage." Hobbs considers users rather than usage of the word and sub-divides users into "non-users", for whom "the word belongs to a set of taboo words, the very utterance of which constitutes an affront, and any use of the word, regardless of its form (verb, adjective, adverb, etc.) or meaning (literal or metaphorical) evokes the core sexual meanings and associated sexual imagery that motivate the taboo."; and "users", for whom "metaphorical uses of the word fuck no more evoke images of sexual intercourse than a ten-year-old's 'My mom'll kill me if she finds out' evokes images of murder," so that the "criteria of taboo are missing."[6]

Etymology

Germanic cognates

The Oxford English Dictionary states that the ultimate etymology is uncertain, but that the word is "probably cognate" with a number of Germanic words with meanings involving striking, rubbing and having sex or is derivative of the Old French word that meant 'to have sex'.[7]

The word has probable cognates in other Germanic languages, such as German ficken ('to fuck'); Dutch fokken ('to breed', 'to beget'); Afrikaans fok ('to fuck');[8] Icelandic fokka ('to mess around', 'to rush');[9] dialectal Norwegian fukka ('to copulate'); and dialectal Swedish focka ('to strike', 'to copulate') and fock ('penis').[7] This points to a possible etymology where Common Germanic *fuk(k)ōn-from the verbal root *fug- ('to blow')[9] comes from an Indo-European root *peuk-, or *peuĝ- ('to strike'),[10] cognate with non-Germanic words such as Latin pugno ('I fight') or pugnus ('fist').[7] By application of Grimm's law, this hypothetical root also has the Pre-Germanic form *pug-néh2- ('to blow'),[9] which is the etymon of, amongst others, Dutch fok(zeil) ('foresail').[11] There is a theory that fuck is most likely derived from German or Dutch roots, and is probably not derived from an Old English root.[12]

False etymologies

One reason that the word fuck is difficult to trace etymologically is that it was used far more extensively in common speech, rather than in easily traceable documents or writings. There exist multiple urban legends that advance false etymologies, including the word allegedly being an acronym. One of these urban legends is that the word fuck originated in Irish law. If a couple was caught committing adultery, the two would be punished "For Unlawful Carnal Knowledge In the Nude", with "FUCKIN" written on the stocks above to denote the crime. A variant of this legend alleges church clerks to have recorded the crime of "Forbidden Use of Carnal Knowledge". Another legend places the origin on a royal permission allegedly granted during the Middle Ages. Due to the Black Death and the consequent scarcity of resources, villages and towns supposedly attempted to control population growth by requiring permission to engage in intercourse. Royal permission (usually from a local magistrate or lord) is said to have required placing a sign visible from the road reading: "Fornicating/Fornication Under Consent of King", later shortened to FUCK. This story is not supported by written evidence, and has been proven false, but has persisted in oral and literary traditions for many years.[13]

Another legendary etymology, first made popular by the American radio show Car Talk, says that the phrase fuck you derives from pluck yew in connection with a misconception regarding the origins of the V sign. This misconception states that English archers believed that those who were captured by the French had their index and middle fingers cut off so that they could no longer operate their longbows, and that the V sign was used by uncaptured and victorious archers in a display of defiance against the French. The addition of the phrase fuck you to the misconception came when it was claimed that the English yelled that they could still pluck yew, (yew wood being the preferred material for longbows at the time), a phrase that evolved into the modern fuck you.[12] In any event, the word fuck has been in use far too long for some of these supposed origins to be possible. Since no such acronym was ever recorded before the 1960s according to the lexicographical work The F-Word, such claims create at best a so-called "backronym".[14]

Grammar

In terms of its parts of speech, fuck has a very flexible role in English grammar, functioning as both a transitive and intransitive verb, and as an adjective, adverb, noun, and interjection.[7][15]

Senses, uses and colloacations of fuck, its derived words, and compounds in the Oxford English Dictionary

Fuck and related constructions in the Oxford English Dictionary

Although the word itself is used in its literal sense to refer to sexual intercourse, its most common usage is figurative—to indicate the speaker's strong sentiment and to offend or shock the listener.[16] Linguist Geoffrey Hughes found eight distinct usages for English curse words, and fuck can apply to each. For example, it fits in the "curse" sense (fuck you!), as well as the "personal" sense (You fucker).[17] In the Oxford English Dictionary, more than a hundred different senses, usages and collocations (like fuck around, fuck with s.o., fuck you, fuck me, fuck it) are identified for fuck, its derived forms (like fucker, fuckee, fuckability), and compounds with fuck (e.g. fuckfest, fuckhole, fuckface).[8]

Early usage

In 2015, Dr. Paul Booth argued he had found "(possibly) the earliest known use of the word 'fuck' that clearly has a sexual connotation": in English court records of 1310–11, a man local to Chester is referred to as "Roger Fuckebythenavele", probably a nickname. "Either this refers to an inexperienced copulator, referring to someone trying to have sex with the navel, or it's a rather extravagant explanation for a dimwit, someone so stupid they think that this is the way to have sex", says Booth.[18][19][20][21] An earlier name, that of John le Fucker recorded in 1278, has been the subject of debate, but is thought by many philologists to have had some separate and non-sexual origin.[22]

Otherwise, the usually accepted first known occurrence of the word is found in code in a poem in a mixture of Latin and English composed in the 15th century. The poem, which satirizes the Carmelite friars of Cambridge, England, takes its title, "Flen flyys", from the first words of its opening line, Flen, flyys, and freris ('Fleas, flies, and friars'). The line that contains fuck reads Non sunt in coeli, quia gxddbov xxkxzt pg ifmk. Deciphering the phrase gxddbou xxkxzt pg ifmk, here by replacing each letter by the previous letter in alphabetical order, as the English alphabet was then, yields the macaronic non sunt in coeli, quia fuccant vvivys of heli, which translated means, 'They are not in heaven, because they fuck the women of Ely'. The phrase was probably encoded because it accused monks of breaking their vows of celibacy;[12] it is uncertain to what extent the word fuck was considered acceptable at the time. The stem of fuccant is an English word used as Latin.[23] In the Middle English of this poem, the term wife was still used generically for 'woman'.[‡ 1]

William Dunbar's 1503 poem "Brash of Wowing" includes the lines: "Yit be his feiris he wald haue fukkit: / Ye brek my hairt, my bony ane" (ll. 13–14).[24]

The oldest known occurrence of the word in adjectival form (which implies use of the verb) in English comes from the margins of a 1528 manuscript copy of Cicero's De Officiis. A monk had scrawled in the margin notes, "fuckin Abbot". Whether the monk meant the word literally, to accuse this abbot of "questionable monastic morals", or whether he used it "as an intensifier, to convey his extreme dismay" is unclear.[25]

John Florio's 1598 Italian–English dictionary, A Worlde of Wordes, included the term, along with several now-archaic, but then-vulgar synonyms, in this definition:

Fottere: To jape, to sard, to fucke, to swive, to occupy.[17]

Of these, "occupy" and "jape" still survive as verbs, though with less profane meanings, while "sard" was a descendant of the Anglo-Saxon verb seordan (or seorðan, ON serða), to copulate; and "swive" had derived from earlier swīfan, to revolve i.e. to swivel (compare modern-day "screw"). As late as the 18th century, the verb occupy was seldom used in print because it carried sexual overtones.[26][‡ 2]

A 1790 poem by St. George Tucker has a father upset with his bookish son say "I'd not give [a fuck] for all you've read". Originally printed as "I'd not give ------ for all you've read", scholars agree that the words a fuck were removed, making the poem the first recorded instance of the now-common phrase I don't give a fuck.[27]

Farmer and Henley's 1893 dictionary of slang notes both the adverbial and adjectival forms of fuck as similar to but "more violent" than bloody and indicating extreme insult, respectively.[16]

According to an article in the journal Science, research shows that when humans switched to processed foods after the spread of agriculture, they put less wear and tear on their teeth, leading to an overbite in adults. This overbite is said to make it easier to produce "f" and "v" sounds, and humorously, cleared the way for words like "Fuck".[28]

Modern usage

The modern usage and flexibility of fuck was established by the mid-to-late 19th century, and has been fairly stable since.[16] Most literally, to fuck is to have sex, but it is also used as a more general expletive or intensifier.[‡ 3]

Insertion of the trochaic word fucking can also be used as an exercise for diagnosing the cadence of an English-language word. This is the use of fuck or more specifically fucking as an infix, or more properly, a tmesis (see expletive infixation). For example, the word in-fucking-credible sounds acceptable to the English ear, and is in fairly common use, while *incred-fucking-ible would sound very clumsy (though, depending on the context, this might be perceived as a humorous improvisation of the word). Abso-fucking-lutely and motherfucking are also common uses of fuck as an affix.[29] While neither dysphemistic nor connected to the sexual connotations of the word, even the vacuous usages are considered offensive and gratuitous, such as This is fucking awesome![‡ 3] Fuck has colloquial usage as a verb, adverb, adjective, conjunction, interjection, noun, and pronoun.[30]

"WTF?" spray painted on the rear of a Sherman tank left over from US military shelling practice on Flamenco Beach on the island of Culebra, Puerto Rico

The word fuck is a component of many acronyms, some of which—like SNAFU (Situation Normal: All Fucked Up) and FUBAR (Fucked Up Beyond All Recognition)—date as far back as World War II.[31] MILF (Mother I'd Like to Fuck) and variations of the first letter are widely seen in pornographic contexts.[‡ 4] Many more recent coinages, such as the shorthand WTF? for 'what the fuck',[‡ 5] STFU for 'shut the fuck up',[‡ 6] or FML for 'fuck my life',[‡ 7] have been widely extant on the Internet, and may count as examples of internet memes. Many acronyms will also have an F or MF added to increase emphasis; for example, OMG ('oh my God') becomes OMFG ('oh my fucking God'). Abbreviations involving fuck can be considered less offensive than fuck itself.[32] Although the word is proclaimed vulgar, several comedians rely on fuck for comedic routines. George Carlin created several literary works based upon the word, including his routine "seven dirty words"—words that were bleep censored on US television.[33]

"Fuck all" is a widely recognised expression meaning "None, or very little".[34][35]

Examples of more recent usage

In 1928, English writer D. H. Lawrence's novel Lady Chatterley's Lover gained notoriety for its frequent use of the words fuck and fucking.[36] The Catcher in the Rye by J. D. Salinger featured the use of fuck you in print. First published in the United States in 1951, the novel remains controversial to this day due in part to its use of the word,[37] standing at number 13 for the most banned books from 1990 to 2000 according to the American Library Association.[38]

The first documented use of the word fuck on live British television has been attributed to theatre critic Kenneth Tynan in 1965, though it has been claimed Irish playwright Brendan Behan used the word on Panorama in 1956 or the man who painted the railings on Stranmillis Embankment alongside the River Lagan in Belfast, who in 1959 told Ulster TV's teatime magazine programme Roundabout that his job was "fucking boring".[39] The Bill Grundy incident was a controversy that ensued in 1976 when Today host Bill Grundy interviewed the Sex Pistols, after guitarist Steve Jones called Grundy a "dirty fucker" and a "fucking rotter".[40]

The word began to break into cinema when it was uttered once in the film Vapor (1963) and in two Andy Warhol films – Poor Little Rich Girl (1965) and My Hustler (1965),[41] and later in each of two 1967 British releases, Ulysses and I'll Never Forget What's'isname. It was used several times in the 1969 British film Bronco Bullfrog.[42] According to director Robert Altman, the first time the word fuck was used in a major American studio film was in 1970's M*A*S*H, spoken by Painless during the football match at the end of the film.[43]

Use in politics

Antifa rally at Berkeley protests on August 27, 2017

Fuck is not widely used in politics, and the use of the word by politicians often produces controversy. Some events include:

In 1965, US President Lyndon B. Johnson said to the Greek ambassador Alexandros Matsas when he objected to American plans in Cyprus, "Fuck your parliament and your constitution. America is an elephant. Cyprus is a flea. Greece is a flea. If these two fellows continue itching the elephant they may just get whacked by the elephant's trunk, whacked good".[44][45]

Former British Secretary of State for Defence Denis Healey reported that the penultimate High Commissioner of Aden (1965–1967), Sir Richard Turnbull, stated that, "When the British Empire finally sinks beneath the waves of history, it will leave behind it only two memorials: one is the game of Association Football and the other is the expression 'Fuck Off'."[46]

During debate in February 1971 in the House of Commons of Canada, Canadian Prime Minister Pierre Trudeau mouthed the words "fuck off" at Conservative MP John Lundrigan, while Lundrigan made some comments about unemployment. Afterward, when asked by a television reporter what he had been thinking, Trudeau famously replied: "What is the nature of your thoughts, gentlemen, when you say 'fuddle duddle' or something like that?". "Fuddle duddle" consequently became a catchphrase in Canadian media associated with Trudeau.[47]

The first accepted modern use in the British House of Commons came in 1982 when Reg Race, Labour MP for Wood Green, referred to adverts placed in local newsagents by prostitutes which read "Phone them and fuck them." Hansard, the full record of debates, printed "F*** them", but even this euphemism was deprecated by the Speaker, George Thomas.[48]

During the George W. Bush presidency, a vehicular bumper sticker with the words Buck Fush (a spoonerism of "Fuck Bush") gained some popularity in the US.[49]

In June 2004, US Vice President Dick Cheney told Democratic senator Patrick Leahy, "Go fuck yourself." Coincidentally, Cheney's outburst occurred on the same day that the Defense of Decency Act was passed in the Senate.[50]

In February 2006 Morris Iemma, Premier of the Australian state of New South Wales, while awaiting the start of a Council of Australian Governments media conference in Canberra, was chatting to Victorian Premier Steve Bracks. Not realizing microphones were recording, he said, "Today? This fuckwit who's the new CEO of the Cross City Tunnel has ... been saying what controversy? There is no controversy."[51] The exchange referred to the newly appointed CEO of the recently opened Cross City Tunnel toll road within Sydney.

In 2007, U.S. Senator John Cornyn objected to John McCain's perceived intrusion upon a Senate meeting on immigration, saying, "Wait a second here. I've been sitting in here for all of these negotiations and you just parachute in here on the last day. You're out of line." McCain replied "Fuck you! I know more about this than anyone else in the room."[52]

In April 2007, New Zealand Education Minister Steve Maharey said "fuck you" to a fellow MP during parliamentary question time. He apologized shortly afterwards.[53]

In December 2008, recorded telephone conversations revealed Illinois Governor Rod Blagojevich trying to "sell" an appointment to the Senate seat that Barack Obama resigned after being elected president. In the phone conversation, Blagojevich said in reference to his power to appoint a new senator, "I've got this thing and it's fucking golden and I'm just not giving it up for fuckin' nothing." In the recorded conversations, Blagojevich also referred to Obama as a "motherfucker" and repeatedly said, "fuck him". When speaking of the Obama administration's request that Valerie Jarrett be appointed as Obama's replacement, Blagojevich complained, "They're not willing to give me anything except appreciation. Fuck them." Blagojevich also said Tribune Company ownership should be told to "fire those fuckers" in reference to Chicago Tribune editors critical of him.[54]

In December 2009 in Dáil Éireann (the lower house of the Irish Parliament), Paul Gogarty responded to heckles from Emmet Stagg with the outburst, "With all due respect, in the most unparliamentary language, fuck you, Deputy Stagg. Fuck you."[55][56] Gogarty immediately withdrew the remarks and later made a personal statement of apology.[55] Reporting of the outburst quickly spread by media and the Internet.[56] A subcommittee of the Dáil's standing committee on procedure and privilege produced a 28-page report on the incident.[55]

On March 23, 2010, US Vice President Joe Biden whispered into President Barack Obama's ear, "This is a big fucking deal" when referring to the US health care reform bill. His words were picked up by microphones and video.[57]

On May 3, 2010, Canadian senator Nancy Ruth advised representatives of women's groups to "shut the fuck up" on access to abortion, in the run-up to the 36th G8 summit.[58]

In late 2012, the then-US House Speaker John Boehner was visiting the White House, where he saw then Senate Majority Leader Harry Reid in the lobby. Boehner was under great stress about the impending fiscal cliff, and Reid had also accused him of running a "dictatorship" in the house. Boehner saw Harry Reid, pointed his finger at him, and told him, "Go fuck yourself!" Reid replied by saying, "What are you talking about?" Boehner then repeated what he had told him and left.[better source needed]

In late 2016, Philippine President Rodrigo Duterte reacted to the European Parliament's criticism over the prevalence of unsolved extrajudicial killings which occurred during his "War on Drugs" by lashing out at EU politicians, claiming that they were "hypocrites" whose colonial-era ancestors had killed "thousands" of Arabs and other peoples during the colonial period.[59] Upon making an obscene hand gesture, Duterte stated that he told EU politicians, "When I read the EU condemnation I told them 'fuck you.' You are only doing it to atone for your own sins" and "They do not want a safe Philippines. They want it to be ruled by criminals. Oh, well, I'm sorry. That is your idiotic view".[60] Duterte also said, in response to growing international criticism, the "EU now has the gall to condemn me. I repeat it, fuck you."[61]

On June 10, 2018, Robert De Niro sparked controversy during the 72nd Tony Awards as he cursed US President Donald Trump with the word during the live broadcast. He started with the sentence: "I'm gonna say one thing: Fuck Trump." He clenched his two fists in the air, and ended his remarks by saying "It's no longer down with Trump, it's fuck Trump!" He received a standing ovation from the audience, which was mostly celebrities.[62][63][64]

On August 5, 2019, Beto O'Rourke after learning of a mass shooting in his home town of El Paso, Texas stated "He's been calling Mexican immigrants rapists and criminals. I don't know, like, members of the press, what the fuck?" referring to Donald Trump when asked for his reaction to the shooting.[65]

During a virtual live telecast Senate hearing on August 21, 2020, Senator Tom Carper shouted: "Fuck! Fuck! Fuck!" over a video chat that was being broadcast nationwide.[66]

During his October 9, 2020 appearance on The Rush Limbaugh Show, US President Donald Trump stated in a threat to Iran, "If you fuck around with us, if you do something bad to us, we are going to do things to you that have never been done before."[67]

In 2021, "Let's Go Brandon" became a political slogan and internet meme used as a euphemism for "Fuck Joe Biden", the president of the United States.

In 2022, President Joe Biden said to the mayor of Fort Myers Beach, Florida, "No one fucks with a Biden," to which Mayor Ray Murphey responded, "Yeah, you're goddamn right."[68]

On June 28, 2023, Wisconsin state senator La Tonya Johnson proclaimed mid session on the senate floor, "Fuck the suburbs, because they don't know a goddamn thing about how life is in the city."[69]

Use in marketing

In April 1997, clothing retailer French Connection began branding their clothes with fcuk (usually written in lowercase), stating it was an acronym for "French Connection United Kingdom". Its similarity to the word fuck caused controversy.[70] French Connection produced a range of T-shirts with messages such as "fcuk this", "hot as fcuk", "cool as fcuk", "fcuk fashion", etc.[71]

In 2009, the European Union's OHIM trade marks agency disallowed a German brewery to market a beer called "Fucking Hell". The brewery sued, and on March 26, 2010 got permission to market the beer. The company argued that it was actually named after the Austrian village of Fucking (now spelled Fugging) and the German term for light beer, hell (which is simply the word for "light-coloured").[72]

Iancu v. Brunetti is a United States Supreme Court case in which the owner of the clothing brand FUCT (supposedly standing for "Friends U Can't Trust") sued the Patent and Trademark Office, which refused to trademark the name for being "scandalous" under the Lanham Act.[73] The Supreme Court ruled in 2019 that a provision in 15 U.S.C. § 1052(a) of the Act, denying registration to any trademarks seen as consisting of immoral or scandalous matter, was an unconstitutional restriction of applicants' freedom of speech.[74]

Band names

The word fuck has been used in a number of band names, such as Fucked Up, generally based on common compounds. Many of these bands fall into the genres of punk and metal, while some fall into the categories of electronic rock and pop, such as Holy Fuck[75] and Fuck Buttons[76]

F-bomb

The phrase dropping an F-bomb usually refers to the unanticipated use of the word fuck in an unexpected setting, such as public media, a play on the nickname for the hydrogen bomb (the "H-bomb")[‡ 8] and the shock value that using the word fuck in discourse carries. The term was first reported in a newspaper (Newsday) in 1988 when Hall of Fame baseball catcher Gary Carter used it.[77] In 2012 it was listed, for the first time, in the mainstream Merriam-Webster's Collegiate Dictionary.[78]

Censorship

In the United States, the word is frequently edited out of music and films when broadcast on TV, such as in the film The Big Lebowski, when John Goodman's character repeatedly yells, "This is what happens when you fuck a stranger in the ass". It was censored on television as "This is what happens when you find a stranger in the Alps."[79]

Still, in 1971, the US Supreme Court decided that the public display of fuck is protected under the First and Fourteenth amendments and cannot be made a criminal offense. In 1968, Paul Robert Cohen had been convicted of disturbing the peace for wearing a jacket with the slogan "Fuck the Draft" (in a reference to conscription in the Vietnam War). The conviction was upheld by the court of appeals and overturned by the Supreme Court in Cohen v. California.[80]

Common alternatives

In conversation or writing, reference to or use of the word fuck may be replaced by any of many alternative words or phrases, including the F-word or the F-bomb (a play on A-bomb and H-bomb), or simply, eff or f (as in What the eff/F or You effing/f'ing fool). Also, there are many commonly used substitutes, such as flipping, frigging, fricking, freaking, feck, fudge, flaming, forget or any of a number of similar-sounding nonsense words. In print, there are alternatives such as, F***, F––k, etc.; or a string of non-alphanumeric characters, for example, @$#*%! and similar (especially favored in comic books).[81]

A replacement word that was used mainly on Usenet newsgroups is fsck, derived from the name of the Unix file system checking utility.[82][83]

NOTE : 

[72] Fugging (German: [ˈfʊkɪŋ] ⓘ), spelled Fucking until 2021, is an upper Austrian village in the municipality of Tarsdorf, located in the Innviertel region of western Upper Austria. It is 33 km (21 mi) north of Salzburg and 4 km (2.5 mi) east of the Inn river, which forms part of the German border.

Fugging / Fucking Village is located in Austria 🇦🇹 

Location in Austria, 4 kilometers from the German border.

Coordinates: 48°04′02″N 12°51′49″E

Country: Austria 🇦🇹 

State: Upper Austria

Region: Innviertel

Municipality: Tarsdorf

Named for 6th-century nobleman named Focko

Population (2020) Total:106

Time zone:

UTC+1 (CET)

 • Summer (DST)

UTC+2 (CEST)

Postal code: 5121 Tarsdorf

Area code: 07940

Despite a population of only 106 people in 2020, the village has drawn attention in the English-speaking world for its former name, which was spelled the same as an inflected form of the vulgar English-language word "fuck". [¹][²] Its road signs were a popular visitor attraction and were often stolen by souvenir-hunting vandals until 2005, when they were modified to be theft-resistant. A campaign to change the village's name to Fugging was rejected in 2004 but succeeded in late 2020.[³][⁴]

Former name and etymology

The village of Fucking in August 2015, with the frequently-stolen traffic sign before the name change.

The settlement is believed to have been founded in the 6th century AD by Focko, a Bavarian nobleman. The Austrian region during this century was mostly under the domain of the Kingdom of the Ostrogoths and was populated by a mix of Christians and pagans. The existence of the village was documented for the first time in 1070, and historical records show that some 20 years later, the lord was recorded in Latin as Adalpertus de Fucingin. The spelling of the name, which is pronounced with the English language vowel oo as in book,[⁵] evolved over the years; it is first recorded in historical sources as Vucchingen in 1070, as Fukching in 1303,[⁶] as Fugkhing in 1532, and in the modern spelling Fucking in the 18th century.[⁷] The ending -ing is an old Germanic suffix indicating the people belonging to the root word to which it is attached, thus Fucking means "(place of) Focko's people".[³]

Demographics

The Austrian census of 2020 recorded that the village had a population of 106.[⁸] The Age reported in 2005 that it had 104 inhabitants and 32 houses.[⁷]

Popularity and notoriety

Fugging is best known for the four traffic signs at the entrances to the village, beside which many English-speaking tourists have had their photograph taken because of its former name of "Fucking".[⁹] British and United States soldiers based in nearby Salzburg noticed the name after World War II and began to travel to the village to have their photos taken beside the signs. The local residents, the Fuckingers, were bemused, as they had not previously been aware of the meaning of their village's name in English.[⁷] During the second half of the 20th century and the early 21st century, the number of tourists visiting the village increased, including the occasional tour bus.[⁵]

 

Street map of Fugging

The village is especially popular with British tourists; as a local tour guide explained: "The Germans all want to see Mozart's house in Salzburg; the Americans want to see where The Sound of Music was filmed; the Japanese want Hitler's birthplace in Braunau; but for the British, it's all about Fucking."[¹⁰] Augustina Lindlbauer, the manager of an area guesthouse, said that the area had lakes, forests, and vistas worth visiting, but there was an "obsession with Fucking", and she had to explain to a British tourist "that there were no Fucking postcards".[¹¹] The English meaning of its name also resulted in the village being the butt of jokes in popular media. The Grand Tour featured the village in the 2017 episode "[censored] to [censored]", as part of a road trip from Wank via Kissing, Petting, and Fucking to Wedding.[¹²] In 2019, Norwegian broadcasting company NRK Sport produced a comedic tourism video on Fucking. Released on YouTube, the video consists of the reporter and the former Melodi Grand Prix Junior presenter Nicolay Ramm both advertising the village's attractions and listing off a large number of double entendres based on its name.[¹³]

The road signs were commonly stolen as souvenirs,[⁵][⁹] and cost some 300 euros to replace.[⁷] In 2005, theft-resistant welded signs were installed, secured in concrete.[⁷] The mayor of Tarsdorf said that tourists were still welcome,[¹⁴][¹⁵] though the local police chief emphasised that "we will not stand for the Fucking signs being removed. It may be very amusing for you British, but Fucking is simply Fucking to us. What is this big Fucking joke? It is puerile."[⁵][¹⁶] One resident set up a website selling T-shirts featuring the signs, with the slogan "I like Fucking in Austria", but shut it down after other residents disapproved.[⁵]

In 2009, the village said it would install surveillance cameras to deter tourists from continuing to attempt to steal the road signs.[¹⁷] The mayor said that he would prefer not to see the village featured in the press anymore: "Just leave [us] alone".[¹⁸]

In the same year, the European Union's Office for Harmonization in the Internal Market trademarks agency forbade a German brewery to market a beer called "Fucking Hell". The brewery successfully argued that "hell" in German means "pale" and that the beer is produced in Fucking; permission for the name was granted in January 2010.[¹⁹] (The second part of the name is the German term for a pale lager, Hell.)[²⁰]

Name change

A 2004 vote on changing the village's name failed.[³] "Everyone here knows what it means in English, but for us Fucking is Fucking—and it's going to stay Fucking" said the mayor[²¹] as he pointed out that the name had been Fucking for 800 years.[³]

 

The updated sign

In April 2012, rumours spread through international media that villagers had been thinking about changing the name of the village or had actually voted to change it. The satirical website The Spoof! published a story[²²] that was expanded in the British tabloid the Daily Mirror.[²³] The story was then reported elsewhere as news, including by The Guardian and The Huffington Post, who said that a vote had taken place to change the name to Fugging, but it was discovered that a village with that name already existed in the municipality of Obritzberg-Rust just west of Herzogenburg.[²⁴][²⁵] The mayor denied these rumours.[²⁶]

The council of Tarsdorf voted in their 17 November 2020 session to have the village's name officially changed to Fugging, effective 1 January 2021.[4][27][28] A video by Danish YouTuber Albert Dyrlund, which drew attention to the village's peculiar name, was reportedly stated as being the reason for the name change. Around 28,673 people visited the village following the release of the video, disrupting local residents with the excessive filming and trespassing of local property such as the village's elementary school and residents' homes.[29][30] The following month, signs with the new name were vandalised to read "Fucking".[31]

In literature and film

Bad Fucking, a 2011 satirical mystery novel by the Austrian director and novelist Kurt Palm, is set in a slightly renamed Fucking; it won the Friedrich Glauser Prize [de] and was filmed in 2013 by Harald Sicheritz.[27][32][33]

Place names considered unusual

Oberfucking

Unterfucking

Shitterton, a hamlet in Dorset, England with a similar history of sign theft

Um Dafuq, town in Sudan

References

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 Bain, Andrew (2009). 1000 Ultimate Experiences. Lonely Planet. p. 124. ISBN 978-1-74179-945-3. Archived from the original on 26 July 2023. Retrieved 21 February 2016.

 Haines, Lester (15 August 2005). "Brits steal carloads of F**king Austrian roadsigns". The Register. Archived from the original on 3 December 2010. Retrieved 10 August 2017.

 Dallison, Paul (26 November 2020). "Austrian village of Fucking to be renamed Fugging". Politico Europe. Archived from the original on 20 December 2020. Retrieved 27 November 2020.

 Harnden, Toby (28 August 2005). "'No, there are no F***ing postcards'". The Daily Telegraph. London. Archived from the original on 3 June 2023. Retrieved 7 November 2009.

 Etz, Albrecht (1971). Die Siedlungsnamen des Innviertels als lauthistorische Quellen. Volume 53 of Dissertationen der Universität Wien. Notring. p. 212.

 "What's the F—ing joke?". The Age. 3 September 2005. Archived from the original on 15 August 2014. Retrieved 25 October 2009.

 Statistik Austria: Bevölkerung am 1 January 2020 nach Ortschaften (Gebietsstand 1 January 2020)[1] Archived 29 October 2021 at the Wayback Machine Retrieved 13 September 2020.

 Mikkelson, David (30 May 2000). "Is Austria Home to a Town Named Fucking?". Snopes.com. Archived from the original on 6 August 2020. Retrieved 26 March 2013.

 Parsons, Tony (29 August 2005). "This Town's A F****** Joke". The Daily Mirror. London. Archived from the original on 10 September 2010. Retrieved 7 November 2009.

 "Brits driving Austrians bonkers over rude village name". London. Agence France Presse. 28 August 2005. Archived from the original on 11 September 2005. Retrieved 7 November 2009.

 "The Grand Tour: Series 1, Episode 12 – [Censored] to [Censored]". TopGearbox. 27 January 2017. Archived from the original on 15 February 2019. Retrieved 14 February 2019.

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 "F***ing signs now theft-proof". Ananova. Archived from the original on 30 September 2005.

 "Austrian town uses concrete to block cursed sign thefts". The Ottawa Citizen. 23 August 2005. p. A8.

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 Schmidt, Axel (25 March 2008) [24 March 2008]. "Die Ortstafel als Souvenir". Augsburger Allgemeine (in German). Archived from the original on 19 June 2010. Er würde am liebsten nichts mehr von dem kleinen Ortsteil der Gemeinde Tarsdorf in der Presse lesen ... 'Lasst's das Dorf halt in Ruh'.

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 "No Fugging chance: Fucking village told they can't be renamed Fugging because name is already taken". Daily Mirror. 18 April 2012. Archived from the original on 8 July 2013. Retrieved 26 April 2019.

 Meltzer, Tom (25 April 2012). "Silly placenames: welcome to Dull, twinned with Boring". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 2 September 2024. Retrieved 14 December 2016.

 Phillips, Tony (6 December 2017) [20 April 2012]. "Citizens Vote to Rename Austrian Town From F—ing to Fugging". Huffington Post. Archived from the original on 23 April 2012. Retrieved 26 April 2012.

 Shields, Michael (18 April 2012). "Nothing profane about our name Austrian hamlet says". Reuters. Archived from the original on 20 April 2012.

 "Fugging Hell: Tired Of Mockery, Austrian Village Changes Name". Barron's. Agence France-Presse. 26 November 2020. Archived from the original on 2 September 2024. Retrieved 29 November 2020.

 "Kundmachung Gemeinderatssitzung". Tarsdorf (in German). Archived from the original on 4 December 2020.

 Brunner, Lea (13 November 2020). "Es war einmal ein kleines Örtchen namens 'Fucking'". Tarsdorf Aktuell (in German). Municipality of Tarsdorf. p. 5. Archived from the original on 13 April 2021. Retrieved 21 December 2020.

 "「Fucking」村改名「福敬」，有無不敬？" [Is it disrespectful to change the name of "Fucking" village to "Fugging"?]. The News Lens (in Chinese). 29 December 2020. Archived from the original on 29 September 2021. Retrieved 29 September 2021.

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 Brown, Todd (24 December 2013). "Austrian Cinemas Experience An Outbreak Of BAD FUCKING. Check A Quintet Of Teasers". Screen Anarchy. Archived from the original on 26 January 2021. Retrieved 21 December 2020.

 McNally, Frank (20 July 2017). "At Swim-Two-Cultures – An Irishman's Diary about the Austrian director who filmed an unfilmable Flann O'Brien novel".