Monday, October 19, 2026

Vue sur l'île Nouvelle

 Blaye Etoile & Clé de l'Ao 

Vue sur l'île Nouvelle 

L'Île Nouvelle est un espace naturel de près de 300 hectares, en cours de renaturation pour retrouver une forte biodiversité (faune, flore, milieux naturels). Il s'agit d'un un site majeur pour les oiseaux. Près de 190 espèces ont été recensées en 2018. 

Elle apparaît sur les cartes du début du XVIIIe siècle comme un banc de sable limoneux. Afin de renforcer les défenses du verrou de l'estuaire, un projet d'installation d'une batterie militaire y est envisagé en 1815, mais ne sera jamais mis en œuvre. Dénommée île du Fagnard sur le plan cadastral de 1832, elle est aussi appelée ile Sans Pain, nom populaire qui lui fut donné en raison des difficultés d'approvisionnement en hiver. Une maison accompagnée d'un bâtiment rural figurent sur le flanc ouest de l'île dès cette époque, à la tête d'une exploitation agricole comprenant essentiellement des terres et des pâturages. 

L'iîle étant menacée de disparition dans les années 1850 en raison de l'érosion due aux courants, les pouvoirs publics interviennent pour assurer sa préservation. Les travaux d'amélioration du chenal de navigation, avec la construction d'une digue reliant Sans Pain avec l'ile Boucheau en 1859-1862, puis cela aboutira à la fusion progressive des deux îles, l'ensemble prenant définitivement le nom d'île Nouvelle. 

La viticulture est déjà présente au milieu du XIXe siècle sur l'île, mais ce n'est qu'avec son acquisition par Lucien La Fonta en 1866 qu'elle connaît un développement important, consécutif à l'établissement d'une colonie agricole. La prospérité de l'entreprise vaut à son propriétaire d'être primé au concours général agricole de 1876 Ainsi, les besoins en main d'œuvre font passer en une vingtaine d'années la population de moins de 2O habitants (surnommés les "ilouts") à plus de 80 au début des années 1890. 

Le domaine de l'Île Sans Pain, appelé Château Lafonta, est vendu durant la Première guerre mondiale. Divers propriétaires exploitent cette terre par la suite. L'élevage y est préféré après les années 1950, puis la maisculture dans les années 1970. 

Les btiments sont abandonnés et partiellement ruinés. Rachetée par le Conservatoire du Littoral en 1991, l'île est confiée au Département de la Gironde qui en assure la gestion et la préservation dans le cadre de la politique des «espaces naturels sensibles ». Outre le projet de renaturation d'une partie de l'île et son ouverture au public, rendue possible par l'installation d'un débarcadère mis en service en 2008, la restauration des bâtiments a également été engagée dans les années 2010. 


Accédez à la fiche détaillée de l'ile pour en savoir plus! 

(c) Association Nous Autres (2019)


(English translation) 

Blaye Etoile & Clé de l'Ao

View of Île Nouvelle

Île Nouvelle is a natural area of nearly 300 hectares, currently undergoing restoration to regain its rich biodiversity (fauna, flora, natural habitats). It is a major site for birds. Nearly 190 species were recorded in 2018.

It appears on early 18th-century maps as a silty sandbank. In order to strengthen the defenses of the estuary's narrow passage, a project to install a military battery there was considered in 1815, but was never implemented. Named Île du Fagnard on the 1832 land registry map, it is also called Île Sans Pain (Breadless Island), a popular name given to it due to the difficulties of obtaining supplies in winter. A house and a farm building were present on the island's western side from this period, at the head of a farm consisting mainly of arable land and pasture.


The island was threatened with disappearance in the 1850s due to erosion caused by currents, and the authorities intervened to ensure its preservation. Work to improve the navigation channel, including the construction of a causeway linking Sans Pain with Île Boucheau between 1859 and 1862, eventually led to the gradual merging of the two islands, the whole finally taking the name Île Nouvelle (New Island).


Viticulture was already present on the island in the mid-19th century, but it was only with its acquisition by Lucien La Fonta in 1866 that it experienced significant development, following the establishment of an agricultural colony. The company's prosperity earned its owner an award at the 1876 General Agricultural Competition. As a result, the need for labor caused the population to grow from fewer than 20 inhabitants (nicknamed "ilouts") to over 80 by the early 1890s in about twenty years.

The Île Sans Pain estate, known as Château Lafonta, was sold during the First World War. Various owners subsequently farmed the land. Livestock farming became the preferred activity after the 1950s, followed by corn cultivation in the 1970s.

The buildings were abandoned and partially ruined. Purchased by the Conservatoire du Littoral (Coastal Conservancy) in 1991, the island was entrusted to the Gironde Department, which is responsible for its management and preservation within the framework of its "sensitive natural areas" policy. In addition to the project to restore part of the island to its natural state and open it to the public, made possible by the installation of a landing stage in operation since 2008, the restoration of the buildings also began in the 2010s.

Access the detailed island information sheet to learn more!

(c) Association Nous Autres (2019)


La falaise et les remparts présentaient des signes importants d'instabilité. Des blocs se détachaient de la paroi calcaire qui subit au quotidien les attaques conjugućes de l'érosion et des infiltrations liées à l'écoulement des eaux pluviales. La Ville a donc engagé un vaste programme de travaux (drainage, travaux de maçonnerie, extraction des végétaux qui fragilisaient les parois, cloutages, projection de béton, mise en place de filets et de contreforts,..) d'un montant de 2 813 000 € financé à hauteur de 1 765 635,95 € par différents partenaires(Etat,DRAC,Conseil Régional, Conseil Départemental et la Fondation du Patrimoine). 

Ces travaux, en plus de permettre la pérennisation de ce patrimoine, ont permis de rouvrir ce chemin en pied de Citadelle et ouvert sur la Gironde et les iles.

(English translation)

The cliff and ramparts showed significant signs of instability. Blocks were breaking away from the limestone face, which is subjected daily to the combined attacks of erosion and seepage from rainwater runoff. The City therefore undertook a vast program of works (drainage, masonry work, removal of vegetation weakening the walls, rock bolting, concrete spraying, installation of netting and buttresses, etc.) totaling €2,813,000, of which €1,765,635.95 was funded by various partners (the State, the Regional Directorate of Cultural Affairs (DRAC), the Regional Council, the Departmental Council, and the Heritage Foundation).

These works, in addition to ensuring the preservation of this heritage, have allowed the reopening of this path at the foot of the Citadel, which offers views of the Gironde estuary and the islands.

Vue sur lile Paté

View of Paté Island

L'île Paté abrite l'un des trois forts édifiés au XVIle siècle par Vauban afin de défendre la ville de Bordeaux: le Fort Paté. Il constitue avec le Fort Médoc et la Citadelle de Blaye, le triptyque défensif mis en place au XVIle siècle sur l'estuaire de la Gironde, pour défendre Bordeaux et son port. 

Au XVIle siècle, l'île se limite à un simple banc de sable lorsque Vauban décide d'en faire l'un des éléments de son triptyque défensif. 

Le 7 juillet 2008, le fort Paté (avec la Citadelle de Blaye et le Fort Médoc) est l'un des douze sites intégrés au Réseau des sites majeurs de Vauban, nouvellement promu au patrimoine mondial de l'UNESCO. 

Haut de 12 mètres, il est bâti sur un îlot long de 600 mètres. Le Fort Pâté, de forme circulaire, compte 32 meutrières, une poudrière et un corps de garde Ses murs sont épais de 4 mètres.  

L'objectif de ce tryptique est d'empêcher le passage des flottes ennemies en direction de Bordeaux. En effet, la portée de tir des canons ne permettant pas de couvrir les 3km de large de l'Estuaire à cet endroit, l'instauration du Verrou permet de le contrôler grâce aux tirs croisés. De fait, c'est un dispositif extrêmement dissuasif. 

CITADELLE DE BLAYE 

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FORT MÉDC 

lle-Aquitaine, Inventaire générakl- Adrienne BARROCHE: (4) AD Gironde 

Copyright: (1,2) Région Nouvelle-Aquitaine, Inventaire général-Muchel DUBEAU:(3) Région Nou



Paté Island is home to one of the three forts built in the 17th century by Vauban to defend the city of Bordeaux: Fort Paté. Along with Fort Médoc and the Blaye Citadel, it forms the defensive triptych established in the 16th century on the Gironde estuary to protect Bordeaux and its port.

In the 16th century, the island was merely a sandbank when Vauban decided to make it one of the elements of his defensive triptych.

On July 7, 2008, Fort Paté (along with the Blaye Citadel and Fort Médoc) became one of the twelve sites included in the Network of Major Vauban Sites, newly designated a UNESCO World Heritage Site.

Standing 12 meters high, it is built on a 600-meter-long islet. The circular Fort Paté has 32 loopholes, a powder magazine, and a guardhouse. Its walls are 4 meters thick. The objective of this triptych was to prevent enemy fleets from passing towards Bordeaux. Indeed, since the cannons' firing range was insufficient to cover the 3km width of the estuary at this point, the "Lock" allowed for control through crossfire. In fact, it was an extremely effective deterrent.


CITADEL OF BLAYE

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Nouvelle-Aquitaine, General Inventory - Adrienne BARROCHE: (4) AD Gironde

Copyright: (1,2) Nouvelle-Aquitaine Region, General Inventory - Michel DUBEAU:(3) Nouvelle-Aquitaine Region

ATTENTION, VOUS ENTREZ DANS UNE ZONE NATURELLE

WARNING, YOU ARE ENTERING A NATURAL AREA


Merci de respecter le lieu, faune, sa flore, de ne pas cue les plantes et tenir les chie laisse.

Please respect the site, its wildlife, and its flora; do not pick plants, and keep dogs on a leash. 




Fire and extinguisher

 Classes of Fire 

There are Six Classes of Fire

 CLASS A  

combustible materials: flammable solids, such as  wood, paper, and fabric


combustible metals: chemicals such as magnesium, aluminum or potassium 

 CLASS B  

flammable liquids: petrol, turpentine or paint 

CLASS C  flammable gases: hydrogen, butane or methane 


 CLASS D  combustible metals: chemicals such as magnesium, aluminum or potassium 

CLASS E  electrical equipment: once the electrical item is removed, the fire changes class 

CLASS F  cooking oils: typically, a chip-pan fire.


Types of Fire Extinguishers 

Wet Chemical Extinguishers 

• Designed for used on Class F fires, involving cooking oil and fats 

• Can also be used on Class A fire 

• Label colour is yellow 

• Good for commercial kitchens and canteens


Carbon Dioxide (CO2) Extinguishers 

·Mainly designed for use on electrical fires 

·Can also be used on Class B fires 

·Works by suffocating fires by displacing the oxygen 

· Colour label is black 

· Ideal for computer server rooms and premises with electrical appliances and equipment


Foam Extinguishers 

• Most commonly used for Class B fires 

• Water based and can also be used on Class A fires 

• Should not be used for fires caused by flammable metals, kitchen fires and electrical fires 

• Work by creating cooling effect on the fuel 

• When poured on burning liquid, fire is extinguished by creating a barrier between the fuel and the flame 

• Label colour is cream


Water Extinguishers 

• Most commonly used for Class A fires a 

• Good for fires caused by various organic materials including fabric, textiles, coal, wood, cardboard and paper 

• Should not be used for kitchen fires, fires caused by flammable gas and liquids as well as fires that involve electrical equipment 

• Works by cooling effect on the burning fuel 

• Water mist extinguishers equipped with a different nozzle releases mist particles that suffocate the fire and also protect the user by creating a wall of mist 

• Label colour is red

Dry Powder Extinguishers 

• Also known as ABC extinguishers as it can be used for class A, B and C fires 

• Should not be used in enclosed space 

• Can be used on fires involving electrical equipment up to 1000 volts 

• Should not be used for fires involving cooking oil 

• Can be used for fires caused by flammable metals 

• Label colour is blue.



Chinese New Year LouHei Salad Plate Ingredients meaning

 Crackers 

满地黄金

Symbolises great wealth. This phrase means, Man Di Huang Jin "Floor full of gold", 

Evoque une immense fortune. Man Di Huang Jin se traduit par«un sol entièrement pavé d'or ». 


大艺人司

第帆厨酒

Roasted Sesame / Graines 

de sésame grillées 

金银满屋


Sprinkled to symbolise wealth. As the 

accompanying phrase goes, "Jin Yin Man Wu" 

This means "Household filled with gold and 

silver". 

En les saupoudrant, il faut prononcer<Jin Yin 

Man Wu»: Que l'or et l'argent remplissent le 

foyer tout au long de l'année! 

大吉大训

明家馍茶山泰

Lime / Citron et citron vert 

风生水起

"Fen Sheng Shui Qi" to have one's best 

wishes come like water and the wind. 

"Feng Sheng Shui Qi" est le souhait que tous 

les voeux se réalisent et que les bonnes 

choses arrivent naturellement, "comme l'eau et 

le vent! 

大言之州

满事仙

购春喜安临


Sunday, October 18, 2026

If you wish ...

 你想發財,想孩子優秀成績好,就要對父

母或公婆,岳父母盡孝,說話,辦事,要盡

力,恭敬老人家。要捨得對老人家好。


If you wish to attain wealth and see your children excel academically, you must show filial piety toward your own parents, as well as your parents-in-law. Be diligent and respectful in your words and actions toward them, and do not hesitate to treat them well.


Si vous souhaitez devenir riche et que vos enfants réussissent brillamment, vous devez faire preuve de piété filiale envers vos parents et beaux-parents. En paroles et en actes, vous devez vous efforcer de témoigner du respect aux personnes âgées. Vous devez avoir à cœur de bien les traiter.

9 timeless lessons 9. 什么是相对论?爱因斯坦曾打趣道:

 Albert Einstein once said: 

"Weak people revenge. Strong people forgive. Intelligent people ignore." 

Here are 9 timeless lessons I've learned from him: 

1. Don't Overthink the Future 

"I never think of the future. It comes soon enough." The future is uncertain, and worrying about it steals today's joy. Focus on what you have now and keep moving forward. 

2. Dare to Think Big 

"I believe bold speculation will take us further than the mere accumulation of facts." 

Daring ideas have changed the world more than safe ones ever could. 


3. Keep Moving Forward 

"Life is like riding a bicycle. To keep your balance, you must keep moving." 

Don't stand still. Progress, no matter how small, is still progress. 

4. Politics Is Harder Than Physics 

When asked, "If man discovered the atom, why can't we solve political problems?" 

Einstein answered: 

"Because politics is more difficult than physics." Brilliant minds still struggle where emotions, power, and ego take over. 

5. Embrace Simplicity 

Einstein believed in "Einstein's Razor"- removing what's unnecessary and holding on to what matters. Simplicity is power, as long as it doesn't become oversimplification.

6. Education Should Teach You to Think "The aim of education should be to train minds to think, not to memorize facts." 

So read more. Reflect more. Let your curiosity be your best teacher. 

7. We All Belong to One Tree 

"All religions, arts, and sciences are branches of the same tree." 

Humanity thrives when we grow together, not apart. We are more connected than we think. 

8. Stay True to Your Conscience 

"Never do anything against your conscience, even if the state demands it." 

Let your principles guide you - especially when it's not easy. 

9. What Is Relativity?

Einstein once joked: 

"Sit with a pretty girl for two hours and it feels like two minutes. Sit on a hot stove for two minutes and it feels like two hours - that's relativity." Perspective changes everything.

阿尔伯特·爱因斯坦曾说:


“弱者寻求报复,强者选择宽恕,智者则置之不理。”


以下是我从他身上学到的 9 条永恒的人生智慧:


1. 不要过度忧虑未来


“我从不去想未来,因为它来得很快。”未来充满不确定性,为之担忧只会剥夺当下的快乐。专注于你所拥有的,继续前行即可。


2. 敢于大胆构想


“我相信,大胆的推测比单纯的事实堆砌能带我们走得更远。”


那些大胆的构想,比稳妥的方案更能改变世界。


3. 持续前行


“人生就像骑自行车。为了保持平衡,你必须不断前行。”


不要停滞不前。进步,无论多么微小,终究是进步。


4. 政治比物理更复杂


当被问及“人类既然能发现原子,为何却解决不了政治问题?”时,


爱因斯坦回答道:


“因为政治比物理更难。”在情感、权力和自我意识主导的领域,即便是最卓越的头脑,也难免会感到棘手。


5. 拥抱简约


爱因斯坦推崇“奥卡姆剃刀”式的思维(即“爱因斯坦剃刀”):剔除不必要的冗余,坚守真正重要的核心。简约即力量,前提是不要将其简化为“过度简化”。


6. 教育应教会你思考


“教育的目的应当是培养思考能力,而非死记硬背事实。”


多阅读,多反思。让好奇心成为你最好的老师。


7. 我们同属一棵大树


“所有的宗教、艺术和科学,都是同一棵大树上的枝干。”


当人类共同成长而非彼此割裂时,文明才会繁荣。我们之间的联系,远比想象中更为紧密。


8. 坚守良知


“永远不要做违背良知的事,即便国家要求你这样做。”


让原则指引你——尤其是在处境艰难的时刻。


9. 什么是相对论?爱因斯坦曾打趣道:



“和漂亮姑娘坐上两个小时,感觉就像过了两分钟;在滚烫的炉子上坐上两分钟,感觉却像过了两个小时——这就是相对论。”视角能改变一切。

Happy children need a father who ...

育儿分享:在教育上少走弯路

幸福的孩子都需要这样的爸爸

1.榜样: 

不说脏话的爸爸

2.陪伴: 

能带他一起运动

3.底气: 

4.强壮: 

错了也能为他撑腰能把妈妈举头顶

5.尊重: 

说话算数,耐心倾听

关心妈妈超过关心孩子

6.暖心: 

7.慈祥: 笨手笨脚也能陪他玩游戏8.家庭第一: 按时回家吃饭

9.以身作则:在家能放下手机

10.体贴大度:工资交给妈妈保管


Parenting Insights: Avoiding Pitfalls in Raising Children

Happy children need a father who embodies these qualities:

1. Role Model:

A father who never uses foul language.

2. Companionship:

Someone who engages in sports and physical activities with them.

3. A Source of Confidence:

Someone who stands by them, even when they’ve made a mistake.

4. Strength:

Someone strong enough to lift Mom high above his head.

5. Respect:

Keeping his word and listening with patience.

6. Warm-heartedness:

Prioritizing Mom’s well-being even above the children’s.

7. Gentleness:

Willing to play games with them, even if he’s a bit clumsy at it.

8. Family First:

Coming home on time for meals.

9. Leading by Example:

Putting away his phone while at home.

10. Consideration and Generosity:

Entrusting his earnings to Mom for safekeeping.


Tommy Koh "Heart of the Matter"

 Tommy Koh is Singapore’s ambassador-at-large at the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, rector of Tembusu College, special advisor to the Institute of Policy Studies, and chairman of the Centre for International Law at the National University of Singapore. He served as president of the Third United Nations Conference on the Law of the Sea. He is the author of Pedra Branca: The Road to the World Court.

He said, " Singapore is a very snobbish and hierarchical society. I'm sorry to say that. And we are ruled by money, so we look down on those who are poor. We are also a meritocracy, we therefore look down on people who are poorly educated. All these are bad things, you know? To me, the pandemic has brought home to many of us that people that we look down on, we pay very poorly, we disrespect, are essentially to our security and welfare. "

他说:“新加坡是一个非常势利和等级森严的社会。我很抱歉这么说。我们受金钱统治,所以我们看不起穷人。我们也是精英政治,因此看不起受教育程度低的人。所有这些都是坏事,你知道吗?对我来说,这场流行病让我们许多人认识到,我们看不起的人,我们付的钱很低,我们不尊重的人,本质上是我们的安全和福利。”

Dia berkata, "Singapura adalah masyarakat yang sangat sombong dan berhierarki. Saya minta maaf untuk mengatakannya. Dan kita diperintah oleh wang, jadi kita memandang rendah kepada mereka yang miskin. Kita juga seorang meritokrasi, oleh itu kita memandang rendah kepada orang yang berpendidikan rendah. Semua ini adalah perkara yang buruk, anda tahu? Bagi saya, wabak ini telah membawa pulang kepada ramai daripada kita, kita amat memandang rendah kepada orang yang kita memandang rendah, kita memandang rendah orang yang kita memandang rendah kepada orang yang kita pandang rendah. keselamatan dan kebajikan."

அவர், "சிங்கப்பூர் மிகவும் இழிவான மற்றும் படிநிலை சமூகம். அதைச் சொல்வதில் வருந்துகிறேன். பணத்தால் ஆளப்படுகிறோம், எனவே ஏழைகளை நாங்கள் இழிவாகப் பார்க்கிறோம். நாமும் ஒரு தகுதிவாய்ந்தவர்கள், எனவே படிக்காதவர்களைக் கேவலமாகப் பார்க்கிறோம். இவை அனைத்தும் மோசமான விஷயங்கள், உங்களுக்குத் தெரியுமா? முக்கியமாக நமது பாதுகாப்பு மற்றும் நலனுக்காக.

Il a déclaré : « Singapour est une société très snob et hiérarchique. Je suis désolé de le dire. Et nous sommes gouvernés par l'argent, donc nous méprisons ceux qui sont pauvres. Nous sommes aussi une méritocratie, nous méprisons donc les gens qui sont peu instruits.

Tommy Koh, a veteran Singaporean diplomat and professor, has been central to some of the world’s most complex and historic negotiations, including the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS III), the 1992 Rio Earth Summit, and the United States–Singapore Free Trade Agreement (USSFTA). Renowned for his deep intellect, high emotional and cultural intelligence, and unwavering commitment to fairness, Koh has consistently demonstrated how thoughtful negotiation strategies, such as “miniaturizing” large conferences into smaller working groups and proactively engaging key stakeholders, can produce landmark agreements. His ability to forge trust across divergent interests reflects a hallmark emphasis on building relationships, acknowledging cultural nuances, and ensuring transparent processes. By acting as a neutral “choreographer and conductor,” he successfully guided hundreds of governments toward consensus on issues like deep-seabed mining and climate change, and later overcame major power imbalances in forging Singapore’s relations with China and negotiating the USSFTA. Throughout his career, Koh has espoused a leadership style that balances the “art” and “science” of negotiation, believing that technical rigor, emotional sensitivity, and cultural awareness are equally vital. His enduring legacy underscores how even smaller states or less powerful parties can negotiate effectively with world powers, fostering both national interest and global cooperation.


Singapore is widely described as a hierarchical and meritocratic society where social status is heavily influenced by education, wealth, and professional rank. Former diplomat Tommy Koh famously characterized the nation as "very snobbish" and "ruled by money," noting that the culture often looks down on the poor, the poorly educated, and those who cannot afford private housing. 

This hierarchy is reinforced by several cultural and structural factors:

Workplace Dynamics: Local firms and the civil service emphasize a strict chain of command, respect for authority, and age-based seniority, where open disagreement with superiors is considered disrespectful.

Social Stratification: Interactions are often tiered based on Confucian-influenced values, with status linked to academic qualifications and income, leading to perceived elitism and a lack of deference toward blue-collar or low-wage workers.

Competitive Culture: The emphasis on meritocracy and national competitiveness has fostered an environment where success is often viewed as a zero-sum game, contributing to social conformity and a stigma around failure. 

If few politicians can control the livelihood of us then every day we are never living for ourselves.


Professor Tommy Koh's core philosophy regarding negotiation, diplomacy, and public life centers on balancing intellect with empathy—negotiating with "both mind and heart".

​This phrasing captures two key dimensions of his career and commentary:

​1. "Negotiating with Mind and Heart" (Diplomatic Philosophy)

​In international diplomacy, Professor Koh is known as a "pragmatic idealist". His approach relies on combining rigorous preparation and strategic intellect with human warmth, cultural empathy, and an understanding of the other party's dignity:

​The "Mind" (Intellect & Preparation): Mastering technical details, designing inclusive negotiation frameworks, and asserting non-negotiable national interests clearly.

​The "Heart" (Humanity & Good Faith): Building personal trust, respecting counterparties so they do not "lose face," and believing that most international disputes can be resolved with mutual goodwill and compromise.

​This approach guided his work as President of the Third UN Conference on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS III), Chairman of the 1992 Earth Summit in Rio, and Chief Negotiator for the US–Singapore Free Trade Agreement.

​2. Commentary on Social Issues & International Relations

​In his op-eds and public commentary (frequently published in The Straits Times), Professor Koh applies this same principle to broader societal and geopolitical issues:

​Civic Empathy & Inclusivity: Advocating for marginalized groups, persons with disabilities, the arts, and standing against ageism and racial discrimination.

​Rule of Law vs. Pure Power: Arguing that small nations must stand firm on international law and moral principles rather than ceding to brute power, maintaining hope and principle even when the international system faces strain.

​If you are looking for a specific speech, article, or book chapter related to this topic, we could explore:

​His negotiation framework and principles from his time at the UN and US-Singapore FTA negotiations.

​His commentary on Singaporean society, civil rights, and the arts.

​His memoir, Tommy Koh: The Extraordinary Life of an Ordinary Man.