"Engaging with Hindus"
understanding their world
sharing good news
Contents
Series Preface
Understanding Hindus
1. A global faith
2. What do Hindus think of Christians and Christianity?
3. Our approach
4. Who is a Hindu?
5. What do Hindus believe and practise?
Engaging with Hindus
6. Love
7. Listen and learn 8. Present Christ positively
9. Pray
10. Preparing for discussion
11. Understanding Hindu questions
12. How should a church engage with Hindus?
Bible passages
Resources
Chapter one
A global faith
Hindus are the world's third largest religious community, with increasing influence on every aspect of life. Politicians, film stars and royalty consult their astrologers or their gurus. People often talk about karma.
Management consultants (the new gurus) tell chief executives to unlock the potential of "the Self" within, while some recommend Transcendental Meditation to relieve stress and clear the mind.
Yoga is everywhere. Doctors have begun using it to help people with asthma, arthritis or high blood pressure. Health authorities are looking seriously at the ancient Ayurvedic health system of India to see what insights might be helpful to our modern lifestyle.
Recent surveys show that increasing numbers in the West believe in reincarnation.
The New Age movement is a rainbow of beliefs and practices, but its philosophical foundations are essentially Hindu, along with ideas from Buddhism and other Eastern religions. It incorporates Hindu spiritual disciplines like meditation, yoga, and channelling occult powers.
The Hindus you meet could be doctors, pharmacists, IT professionals, business people, shopkeepers, call-centre workers, media people, your neighbours, colleagues or friends. You may have seen devotees of Krishna dancing and singing in the streets.
On the big screen, you might have seen Hindus or the influence of Hindu ideas in Life of Pi, Slumdog Millionaire, Eat Pray Love or The Best Exotic Marigold Hotel.
According to C. S. Lewis, the Hindu worldview is the major alternative to the biblical worldview.
But what is Hinduism?
You may have met Hindus or know them as friends, but still find it difficult to explain what Hinduism is.
That's because Hinduism is so diverse. One scholar described it as "probably the most varied and flexible religious system in the world". There is no founder. There is no figure like Buddha, Jesus, Confucius or Mohammed. There are libraries of scriptures and at least six major schools of philosophy.
Hindus hold widely different beliefs and follow widely different practices of spirituality and worship. Each Hindu you meet believes that their way is right - and the other is not wrong. You may feel you are grasping water, as you try to bring these ideas together. "But what do you expect?" your Hindu friend replies. "How can you grasp God? All you can say is 'Not this, not that'. Our quest for God takes us to the heights and depths of human spirituality. We have autonomy in belief. I will be glad to borrow your insights and way, and incorporate them into my own."
Hinduism contains many strands, developed over long periods of time and in different regions. The word "Hindu" was originally a geographical term, used by the Persians to describe the people of the Indus River region. Later Muslim invaders called the region Hindustan, the country of the people of Hind or Sind. In the 18th and 19th centuries the term "Hinduism" was coined to describe the religions, customs, culture and way of life of the peoples of India.
.Scholars debate whether the word "Hinduism" has any meaning at all. Is it an artificial term, constructed by Europeans? Or is there an underlying unity? Some Hindus call it "the world's oldest religion", tracing it back thousands of years, or refer to the "Sanatana Dharma", which could be translated "the eternal religion".
Listen to this conversation:
I arrived in Mr. Patel's home and we chatted in Gujarati for a while. l enquired about which satsang [religious gathering] he attended, his family and background. He spoke of his belief in his guru and their weekly meeting. Finally we switched to English for the benefit of my English friend. He asked what Mr. Patel believed and he responded "I am a Hindu."
I was surprised. In four years of learning Gujarati, building friendships within the various Gujarati communities, visiting temples, I had never heard anyone refer to themselves as a Hindu. And yet, when confronted with a Westerner, an English person, "Hindu" became a useful label. ~ from 30 Days' Prayer for Hindus
As this conversation illustrates,"Hinduism" has become a useful label for its adherents when facing the other world religions like Islam and Christianity, but many do not think of themselves as "Hindu". For them, their commu-nity is important, worship of their gods is important, and living a good life is important.
"What makes Hinduism so different from other reli-gions is that there is no agreed list of do's and don'ts," a Hindu woman in Delhi told me once."You are free to do what you want, as long as you don't condemn others."
Hindus use "Hinduism" as shorthand for the collec-tion of beliefs, customs, rituals, religious practices and social relationships that have grown up over centuries. Some believe it was revealed all at once to the ancient sages. Others describe it as:
"... more like a tree that has grown gradually than like a building that has been erected at some point of time. It contains within it ... the influence of many cultures." ~ KM Sen, Hinduism: The World's Oldest Faith
We will use the same shorthand, referring to Hinduism, but remembering that it describes an astonishing diversi-ty of belief and practice, a complex "family of religions". Through it all runs a strong thread of autonomy.
A way of life
It is more helpful to think of Hinduism as "a way of life" or a civilisation that has absorbed ideas from all sides and held them together. This has largely been through the strength of the family. From one perspective every Hindu has their own unique destiny, appointed by their karma, which cannot be transferred. But every Hindu is born into a family in which they grow up and absorb the conduct, ideas and outlook on life of their parents and the other family members:
"I was raised in a rigidly-structured and despotically-ruled Hindu home with well-preserved traditions, well-devoted customs, and well-formulated expectations, along with, of course, a great deal of love, understanding, and exhortation. You imbibed the family culture as it were, by being a member of the family, and you emulated the family's perspective on history, art, and religion, by repeated reminders, to enhance the family's image in the local community. Into such a wonderfully strict and kind family I was born." ~ Mahendra Singhal, formerly Professor of Mathematics in Chicago.
What holds this way of life together? Are there any key ideas or beliefs that we can identify?
From the unreal lead me to the real
From darkness lead me to light
From death lead me to immortality.
This ancient prayer from the Rig Veda, the earliest Hindu scriptures, is sung daily in many schools in India. For many Hindus it reflects the desire of their heart: to know the unknowable, for the mortal to become immortal, for the darkness of this world to become light. We should be very cautious about generalisations. But it would be true to say that through the wide variety of ways of worship, works, spiritual exercises, or discipleship under a guru runs the aim of taking the seeker from the physical realm to a higher spiritual realm.
Many Hindus see life as a journey towards God and a journey towards truth. Few would say they have reached God or even that they will reach God in this lifetime, but ...
Fact File
· The majority of the world's Hindus live in India (up to 900 million). But Hindus also live in many other countries.
· Until recently Nepal was the world's only Hindu kingdom.
· Other Asian countries have substantial Hindu mi-norities: Bangladesh, Indonesia, Sri Lanka, Pakistan, Bhutan, Myanmar (Burma), Fiji, Malaysia, Singapore, Hong Kong, Philippines.
· Over 1O million Hindus are scattered round the world in the South Asian Diaspora, with their own distinctive identity-eg: USA over 1.2 million, UK 815,000. South Africa 750,000, Canada 330,000 (estimated figures).
· Some believe that Russia will soon have more Hin-dus than the West.
Resources
Books
·Burnett, David Spirit of Hinduism, Monarch, 2006
·Gandhi, M., An autobiography: the story of my experiments with Truth, Navijivan, 1927
·Gidoomal, Ram, Sari'n' chips, Kingsway/SAC,1993
· Knott, Kim, A very short introduction to Hinduism, Oxford University Press, 1998
·Richard, H.L., Hinduism, William Carey Library, Pasadena, 1998,2001
·Scott, Basil, God Has No Favourites: The New Testament on First Century Religions, Primalogue, 2013
·Thomson, Robin, Changing India: insights from the margin, BRPC, 2002 (distributed in the UK by South Asian Concern)
·Viswanathan, Ed, Am l a Hindu? The Hinduism Primer Rupa and Co, Calcutta, 1993
More detailed studies
·Basham A. L., The Sacred Cow: The Evolution of Classical Hinduism, edited by Kenneth G Zysk, Rider, 1989
·Brockington, John, Hinduism and Christianity, Macmillan, London, 1992
·Fuller, C.J., The Camphor Flame: Popular Hinduism and Society in India, Princeton University Press, 1992
·Hopkins, T. J., The Hindu Religious Tradition: The Religious Life of Man, Wadsworth Pub-lishing Co, California, 1971
·Kanitkar, V. P., and Cole, Owen Hinduism: Teach Yourself Books, World Faiths, Hodder, 1995
·Mangalwadi, Vishal The world of Gurus, Cornerstone Press Chicago, 1992
Christian approaches
·Acharya Daya Prakash Fulfilment of the Vedic Pilgrimage in the Lord Jesus Christ, 2nd edtion, OM Books, 2004
· Alexander, Ellen and Thomson, Robin, (eds), Walking the Way of the Cross with our Hindu Friends, Interserve, Bangalore 2011. With accompanying DVD.
·Bharati, Dayanand, Living Water and Indian Bowl, 1997,2012
· Davda, Sonal, Shivdasani Suneel, Thomson, Robin and Wardell, Margaret, Looking for Directions: towards an Asian spirituality, South Asian Concern, 2006
·Gamadia, Dr Sam, Christian Approach to Hinduism
·Gidoomal, Ram and Wardell, Margaret, Chapatis for Tea, Highland, 1994
· Guptara, Prabhu and Osmaston, Amiel, Yoga-A Christian Option? Grove Books Ltd,1987
· Maharaj, Rabi, Death of a Guru, Hodder, 1978
· Mahtani, Deepak and Celia, Sindhi Journeys of Faith, 2010
· Masala Discovery Groups, South Asian Concern
·Rasiah, C. and Thomson, Robin, Notes for the Journey: Following Jesus, Staying South Asian, South Asian Concern, 2011
·Richard, H.L., Following Jesus in the Hindu Context: N. V. Tilak, William Carey Library Pasadena, 1998,2001
· Sutcliffe, Sally (ed), Good News for Asians in Britain, Grove Books Ltd, 1998
Video/DVD
· Coming to Britain: An Immigrant's story, CTA, distributed by Trinity Vision
· Daya Sagar
Websites
· www.aradhnamusic.com/ (Indian-style worship music)
Evangelistic
·Jesus through Asian Eyes: 16 Frequently asked Questions, Good Book Company, 2014 (with study course)
USA: www.thegoodbook.com
· Christianity Explored, The Good Book Company, 2012
For those with English as a second language, there is also a Universal Edition of Christianity Explored that uses clear and simple English.
Organisations
Australia
Culture Connect, a ministry of Interserve Australia
UK
South Asian Concern
South Asian Forum of the Evangelical Alliance saf@eauk.org
USA
11 days of prayer posts information for prayer and other resources for ministry among Hindus. It is linked to the Rethinking Forum (rethinkingforum.com):
Christar is an evangelical mission working worldwide among Buddhists, Hindus, Muslims and others.
www.christar.org/go/locations/north-america
Go Network provides resources to help in reproducing spiritually healthy networks of God's King-dom within Hindu communities worldwide
International Journal of Frontier Missiology has a good selection of articles from the archives and current issues
International Students Inc An evangelical group work-ing with international students (the parent body of what is now Friends International in the UK)
www.isionline.org is the website for Christians
www.internationalstudents.org is the website for students
IVCF's International Student Ministry (ISM)
Messengers of God's Love Multilingual
Literature and other resources in many languages
www.multilingual-southasian.com
www.nayajeevan.org is a website for welcoming South Asians to their new life in North America.
South Asian Friendship Center Chicago
A drop in centre in Chicago's "Little India" including daily ministry to Hindus
see the section 'What we offer'
YWAM's Contextual Ministry among Hindus
Please note: The websites and organisations listed above are, to the best of our knowledge reliable and trustworthy at the time of going to press. Visit the webpage for this book for an up to date list of organisations and contacts: Get in touch with us if you would like to list your organisation in this resource.
Introducing an exciting new outreach resource .
Discovering
Jesus
through Asian eyes
What's the opportunity?
Millions of people with an Asian background live in the West. Some have only recently arrived, others have lived in the West for many generations. Asians are often more open to talking about spiritual things than many longer-established residents.
How can one resource speak to such a diverse group of people?
It might seem strange to create a set of resources that tries to speak to people with such a diverse range of beliefs and cultures. What could be more different than Buddhism and Islam? What do Japanese people and Bangladeshis have in common?
But Asians of all kinds share many attitudes in common: an openness to talking about spiritual things; a feeling that they must live up to family expectations; a sense of honour. But most of all, they share the view that Christianity is a western religion.
The outreach booklet and course pick up on these common cultural ways of thinking to present the good news about Jesus in a way that is open, friendly and appealing.
What is the Jesus through Asian eyes booklet?
This full-colour booklet is designed to be given to Asians of any back-ground. It asks and answers 16 of the most frequently asked questions that people have about Jesus, Christianity and faith in God. It is filled with warm testimonies from Asian people from all kinds of backgrounds who have discovered the love of God in Christ
The questions are answered carefully from the Bible in a way that is cul-turally sensitive and gently leads the reader towards belief in Jesus. The booklet is designed to be given to anyone from an Asian background -a neighbour, friend or colleague from work.
How does the course work?
The Discovering Jesus through Asian eyes course is based on the booklet If someone has read the booklet and wants to know more, you can in-vite them to join you to explore the questions in a little more depth. The course is split into eight sessions which each look at two questions from the booklet. The emphasis is on friendly, open discussions, which look at passages from the Bible. The studies have been extensively trialled and tested with a wide variety of Asian people.
What materials are available?
• The Jesus through Asian eyes booklet is a beautifully designed and produced 32-page colourful booklet. You can buy it for as little as £1 per copy when you purchase in bulk.
• The Leader's Guide contains everything you need to know to run a course - extensive notes on the discussion questions, helpful advice on how to address issues unique to different people groups and religions, and ideas for promoting the course, and conducting outreach to Asians in your local area.
• The Discussion Guide is for each person who attends a course It contains questions, Bible passages, plus testimonies and explanations of difficult terms.
• Dedicated website at www.discovering-jesus.com
• Promotional flyers and posters available, plus training events.
ENGAGING with.. Hindus
Hindus are the third largest faith in the world, and yet many Christians know very little about their beliefs and way of life.
This short book is designed to help individuals and whole churches understand more about what Hindus believe, build bridges of friendship and respect, and share the good news about Jesus Christ.
Robin Thomson spent twenty years in India teaching the Bible and training church leaders. He is the author of several books relating the Bible to Asian culture.